“Charles C. Painter’s ‘How We Punish Our Allies’: Advocating for Gabriel Renville and the Sisseton and Wahpeton Dakota Scouts” by Valerie Sherer Mathes examines the efforts of Charles C. Painter, an agent for the Indian Rights Association, to restore financial annuities owed to the Sisseton-Wahpeton Dakota scouts and soldiers who served with the U.S. Army during and after the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862. In his pamphlet, “How We Punish Our Allies,” which is reprinted here, Painter argued for the fair treatment of the scouts for their service, a major piece of the Indian Rights movement of the late 19th century.